A collection of gout studies (and related) I have found that seem to be credible, IMHO. These studies are related to curing gout and support my hypothesis by targeting metabolic syndrome and improving skeletal muscle.
- Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Uric Acid
- Uric Acid Drivers from Diet
- Excretion of Uric Acid is the Problem
- Target Serum Uric Acid Levels
- Benefits of Resistance Training on Metabolic Health
Gout Studies on the Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Uric Acid
In this large population-based cohort, both baseline SUA levels and increases in SUA during follow-up were positively associated with higher odds of MetS in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. The positive associations were consolidated by findings from a comprehensive meta-analysis of 24 cohort studies among 140,913 participants.
Chen, S., Wu, N., Yu, C. et al. Association between baseline and changes in serum uric acid and incident metabolic syndrome: a nation-wide cohort study and updated meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 18, 59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-021-00584-x
Hyperuricemia was highly associated with development of metabolic disorder particularly for aged patients suffering from bipolar disorders. Early prevention of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome may lead better life for bipolar patients when they get older.
Chen, J., Chen, H., Feng, J. et al. Association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in patients suffering from bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 18, 390 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1952-z
We confirmed that in young people an increase in uric acid levels is more closely related to metabolic syndrome features than insulin resistance. Serum uric acid concentration could not be recommended as an independent, strong marker of metabolic or metabolically obese normal weight syndrome occurrence in young people, but finding its elevated concentration should be an indicator for screening for other disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome.
Płaczkowska, S., Pawlik-Sobecka, L., Kokot, I., Piwowar, A. (2021). The association between serum uric acid and features of metabolic disturbances in young adults. Archives of Medical Science, 17(5), 1277-1285. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.93653
Uric Acid Drivers from Diet
A relevant cause of overproduction of urate in Western countries is represented by an excess of fructose consumption
Desideri, G., Castaldo, G., Lombardi, A., Mussap, M., Testa, A., Pontremoli, R., Punzi, L., & Borghi, C. (2014). Is it time to revise the normal range of serum uric acid levels?. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 18(9), 1295–1306, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24867507/
Excretion of Uric Acid Is The Problem
Diet urate content is generally rather modest (100-200 mg/day), whereas endogenous uric acid mostly derives from the de novo synthesis and catabolism of nucleic acids (500-600 mg/day).
Less than 10% of cases of hyperuricemia is due to hyperproduction, while the almost totality of cases is due to reduced excretion. Patients with gout due to increased intake of foods rich in purines are generally poor excreter.
Desideri, G., Castaldo, G., Lombardi, A., Mussap, M., Testa, A., Pontremoli, R., Punzi, L., & Borghi, C. (2014). Is it time to revise the normal range of serum uric acid levels?. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 18(9), 1295–1306, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24867507/
Gout Studies on Target Serum Uric Acid Levels
…the mean serum uric acid levels in the United States is increased from 3.4 mg/dL in 1920’s to 6.25 mg/dL in 1970’s…
…urate is largely present as monosodium urate, with a low solubility limit of about 6 mg/dL (360 µmol/L)
…the threshold value of serum uric acid associated with hypertension seems to be as low as 5.0-5.5 mg/dL, clearly below its supersaturation value, thus being probably independent of the formation of monosodium crystals…
Desideri, G., Castaldo, G., Lombardi, A., Mussap, M., Testa, A., Pontremoli, R., Punzi, L., & Borghi, C. (2014). Is it time to revise the normal range of serum uric acid levels?. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 18(9), 1295–1306, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24867507/
Gout Related – Resistance Training and Metabolic Syndrome
Resistance Training is a promising strategy to promote overall metabolic health in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes via improvements in muscle mitochondrial performance and increases in muscle mass that may positively impact insulin responsiveness and glucose control.
Pesta, D.H., Goncalves, R.L.S., Madiraju, A.K. et al. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. Nutr Metab (Lond) 14, 24 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-017-0173-7